They are highly resistant against thermal shock, chemically resistant, and exhibit a high hardness as well as good optical properties. Low alkali glasses, for instance, exhibit a low thermal expansion coefficient and a relatively high softening temperature. Multi-component alkali-borosilicate glasses represent a widely used type of special glasses with a high technological importance. Approaches to design damage resistant glass are of high scientific significance ( Wondraczek et al., 2011) ranging from local ion implantation ( Price et al., 2009 Gross and Price, 2017) over compositional design ( Malchow et al., 2015 Rosales-Sosa et al., 2016 Januchta et al., 2019b) to changes in the thermal history ( Malchow et al., 2015 Zehnder et al., 2017a). The reliability of glass, however, is usually limited by brittle fracture. While glass fibers are intended to be stiff, glass used for protective screens needs to be rather flexible ( Gross and Price, 2017 Januchta et al., 2019b). The variety of possible applications places different demands on the material. Nowadays oxide glasses are important structural and functional components.
Al2o3 gaussian software crack#
It was found that the glass softens with increasing Al 2O 3 content, which enhances the crack resistance of the borosilicate glass. Finally, nanoindentation testing was employed to link the inherent glass structure and its network configuration to the mechanical glass response. Aluminum-tetrahedra are thus charge balanced by sodium ions and incorporated into the silicate network. Additionally, 27Al NMR experiments show that aluminum is dominantly present in four-fold coordination. Both the Raman and the 11B NMR results show that four-fold-coordinated boron is converted into three-fold-coordination as the Al 2O 3 content increases. Changes in the network connectivity as well as the short- and medium-range order were characterized using Raman and NMR spectroscopy. In the present study the borosilicate glasses were systematically modified by addition of up to 4.0 mol% Al 2O 3. Their individual contribution to the mechanic response, however, remained unclear. Simultaneously, an increase in the network interconnectivity accompanied by an increasing capacity for densification were noticed. Increasing cooling rates during processing were found to improve glasses crack resistance. In the NBS2 borosilicate glass system (74.0SiO 2-20.7B 2O 3-4.3Na 2O-1.0Al 2O 3 in mol%) two subnetworks are present, i.e., a silicate and a borate network. It has been found that the crack initiation in borosilicate glasses can be influenced by changes in network interconnectivity. In order to optimize glasses for diverse applications, an understanding of the correlation between microscopic structure and macroscopic properties is of central interest in materials science. 4Inamori School of Engineering at the New York State College of Ceramics, Alfred University, Alfred, NY, United StatesĪlkali-borosilicate glasses are one of the most used types of glasses with a high technological importance.3Institute of Physics, Augsburg University, Augsburg, Germany.2Institute of Glass and Ceramics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.1Physical Metallurgy, Technical University Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany.Sebastian Bruns 1 *, Tobias Uesbeck 2,3 *, Dominik Weil 1, Doris Möncke 4, Leo van Wüllen 3, Karsten Durst 1 and Dominique de Ligny 2
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